中国电气工程学报（英文）

Select

1. Review of Inductance Identification Methods Considering Inverter Nonlinearity for PMSM^*

Qiwei Wang, Jiqing Xue, Gaolin Wang, Yihua Hu, Dianguo Xu

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2024, 10 (2): 1-15. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2023.000046

摘要（2147）

PDF

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in high-power-density and flexible control methods. Generally, the inductance changes significantly in real-time machine operations because of magnetic saturation and coupling effects. Therefore, the identification of inductance is crucial for PMSM control. Existing inductance identification methods are primarily based on the voltage source inverter (VSI), making inverter nonlinearity one of the main error sources in inductance identification. To improve the accuracy of inductance identification, it is necessary to compensate for the inverter nonlinearity effect. In this study, an overview of the PMSM inductance identification and the related inverter nonlinearity self-learning methods are presented.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

2. Analytical Analysis and Performance Characterization of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Machines Based on General Air-gap Field Modulation Theory^*

Peng Han, Ming Cheng, Xinkai Zhu, Zhe Chen

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (3): 4-19. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000021

摘要（687）

PDF

Air-gap magnetic field modulation has been widely observed in electric machines. In this study, we present an analytical analysis and performance characterization of brushless doubly fed induction machines (BDFIMs) fed by two independent converters from the perspective of air-gap field modulation. The spiral-loop winding is studied in detail as an example to show the generalized workflow that can also be used to analyze other short-circuited rotor winding types, such as nested-loop and multiphase double-layer windings. Magnetic field conversion factors are introduced to characterize the modulation behavior of special rotor windings and facilitate their comparison in terms of cross-coupling capability, average torque, and harmonic content of the air-gap flux density waveforms. The stator magnetomotive force (MMF), rotor MMF, and resultant air-gap MMF are considered, based on which the closed-form inductance formulas are derived, and the torque equation is obtained along with the optimal current angle for maximum torque operation by using the virtual work principle. The design equations are then developed for the initial sizing and geometry scaling of the BDFIMs. Transient finite element analysis and experimental measurements are performed to validate the analysis.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

3. PV Maximum Power-point Tracking Using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization under Partial Shading Conditions^*

Al-wesabi Ibrahim, M.B. Shafik, Min Ding, Mohammad Abu Sarhan, Zhijian Fang, Ahmed. G. Alareqi, Tariq Al'moqri, Ayman. M. Al-Rassas

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (4): 106-121. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000035

摘要（658）

PDF

A novel maximum power-point tracking approach is proposed based on studies investigating the output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading conditions. The existence of partially shaded conditions leads to the presence of several peaks on PV curves, which decrease the efficiency of conventional techniques. Hence, the proposed algorithm, which is based on the modified particle-swarm optimization (MPSO) technique, increases the output power of PV systems under such abnormal conditions and has a better performance compared to other methods. The proposed method is examined under several scenarios for partial shading condition and non-uniform irradiation levels using Matlab, and to investigate its effectiveness adequately, the results of the proposed method are compared with those of the neural network technique. The experimental results show that the proposed method can decrease the interference of the local maximum power-point to cause the PV system to operate at a global maximum power-point. The efficiency of the MPSO is achieved with the least number of steady-state oscillations under partial shading conditions compared with the neural network method.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

4. Quasi-Z-Source Based Bidirectional DC-DC Converter and Its Control Strategy

Yuba Raj Kafle*, Saad Ul Hasan, Graham E. Town

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (1): 1-10.

摘要（648）

PDF

This paper presents a quasi-Z-source based isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter (qZIBDC) for renewable energy applications. The converter utilizes a dual active bridge circuit with a quasi-Z-source network on both sides, so the converter works as buck/boost converter from either side. It has a wider input/output voltage operating range, soft-switching capabilities without additional devices, and higher boost capability than a traditional dual active bridge circuit. Apart from that, shoot-through states are incorporated in its operating cycle to boost the input voltage resulting in high reliability of the proposed converter. Due to the symmetrical structure of the circuit, there is no defined high voltage or low voltage side as in traditional isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter. The operating principle and control strategy of the proposed converter are presented. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter topology and its control strategy.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

5. Overview of Torque Ripple Minimization Methods for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Harmonic Injection^*

Peng Yi, Wenzhi Zheng, Xianglin Li

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2024, 10 (2): 16-29. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2023.000045

摘要（635）

PDF

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used because of their high power/torque density and high efficiency, particularly in applications with strict requirements for arrangement space or weight, such as in the electric vehicle (EV) and aerospace fields. Recently, the PMSM torque ripple problem has received increasing interest because PMSM drive requirements continuously improve. For applications with complex transmission and a wide speed range, torque ripple can easily cause system resonance, which deteriorates the driving performance. The research status and latest progress in the minimization of PMSM torque ripple based on harmonic injection are discussed. First, the causes of PMSM torque ripple are analyzed. Subsequently, the research status of the PMSM analytical model is introduced, and multiple current harmonic control and optimization methods are described in detail. Finally, future development trends in this field are analyzed.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

6. Wavelet Synchro-squeezing Transform and Dynamic Threshold Supported Symmetrical Power Swing Technique for Modern Transmission Network

Monalisa Biswal, Kumar Raja Andanapalli, Papia Ray

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2024, 10 (2): 30-43. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2024.000064

摘要（604）

PDF

Distance relays are prone to symmetrical power swing phenomenon. To mitigate this issue, a dynamic threshold-supported algorithm is proposed. A single logic is not supposed to be secure for all cases. Thus, a supervisory algorithm, as proposed in this study, can aid in the improvement of the immunity of the relay during swing cases and be sensitive to symmetrical faults. In the developed stages, a three-phase power signal was used and processed in two different steps: (i) extraction of the effective intrinsic mode function (IMF) selected from the Kurtosis analysis using the wavelet synchro-squeezing transform, and (ii) estimation of the average Euclidean distance index using the absolute values of the decomposed IMF’s. The adaptive threshold facilitated resistance to swing situations. At the onset of a symmetrical fault, the proposed algorithm efficiently discriminated among events using a dynamic threshold. The IEEE 39-bus test system and Indian Eastern Power Grid networks were modelled using PSCAD software, and cases were generated to test the efficacy of the method. The impact of the proposed method on a large-scale wind farm was also evaluated. A comparative analysis with other existing methods revealed the security and dependability of the proposed method.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

7. Multi-objective Optimization Design of Inset-surface Permanent Magnet Machine Considering Deterministic and Robust Performances^*

Gaohong Xu, Zexin Jia, Wenxiang Zhao, Qian Chen, Guohai Liu

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (3): 73-87. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000027

摘要（564）

PDF

The inset-surface permanent magnet (ISPM) machine can achieve the desired electromagnetic performance according to the traditional deterministic design. However, the reliability and quality of the machine may be affected by the essential manufacturing tolerances and unavoidable noise factors in mass production. To address this weakness, a comprehensive multi-objective optimization design method is proposed, in which robust optimization is performed after the deterministic design. The response surface method is first adopted to establish the optimization objective equation. Afterward, the sample points are obtained via Monte Carlo simulation considering the design-variable uncertainty. The Design for Six Sigma approach is adopted to ensure the robustness of the design model. Furthermore, the barebones multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a compromise solution. A prototype is manufactured to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. According to the finite-element analysis and experimental tests, the electromagnetic performance and reliability of the machine are significantly enhanced with the proposed method.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

8. Review of Parameter Identification and Sensorless Control Methods for Synchronous Reluctance Machines^*

Chengrui Li, Gaolin Wang, Guoqiang Zhang, Nannan Zhao, Dianguo Xu

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (2): 7-18. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000007

摘要（553）

PDF

Synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) have drawn increasing attention in recent years owing to their advantages such as low cost, simple structure, ease of manufacture, and high robustness. The main obstacle to the promotion of SynRMs is severe parameter nonlinearity, which deteriorates drive performance. Sensorless control methods for SynRMs are critical technologies that can broaden the industrial applications of SynRMs. Various methods of parameter identification and sensorless control strategies are reviewed and discussed, including self-commissioning, which is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, sensorless control strategies that can improve the industrial application of SynRMs are described. Finally, future research trends concerning SynRMs are analyzed and discussed.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

9. Direct Current Control Strategy of SVG Based on Dual Sequence dq Coordinates Under Asymmetric Load Condition^*

Shicheng Zheng*, Zhuangzhuang Li, Menglin Cao

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (1): 24-35.

摘要（529）

PDF

In the case of asymmetric loads of power grid, load currents are composed of four components: positive sequence active and reactive components and negative sequence active and reactive components that can pollute the power grid with harmonics and reactive power and interrupt the normal operation of power grid. Therefore, increasing numbers of static var generators (SVGs) are used to stabilize the power grid. In this study, a new type of current compensation control strategy of a three-phase three-wire SVG under an asymmetric load is proposed. According to the symmetric component method and dual dq synchronous transformation theory, the load currents are transformed into four components under dual dq coordinates. Each component is compensated separately by the SVG. Simultaneously, the proportional-limiter method is adopted to minimize the harmonics from the SVG by optimizing the waveform of the modulation wave and limiting its amplitude. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the control strategy are verified by simulation and experimental results.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

10. Si/SiC Hybrid 5-level Active NPC Inverter for Electric Aircraft Propulsion Drive Applications

Majid T. Fard, Mostafa Abarzadeh, Kiavash A. Noghani, Jiangbiao He, Kamal Al-Haddad

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (4): 63-76. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000031

摘要（502）

PDF

Medium voltage DC(MVDC) system is considered as a promising technology to improve the efficiency and power density of electric aircraft propulsion(EAP) drives. To adapt to the MVDC voltage level and achieve high drive performance, a five-level active neutral point clamped(5L-ANPC) inverter consisting of three-level ANPC and flying capacitor circuits is investigated, which possesses higher voltage capability, lower output harmonics, as well as mitigated dv/dt and common-mode voltage. To fulfill the requirements of high-speed operation and pursue further enhanced efficiency and power density of the inverter for the next-generation EAP drives, Silicon Carbide(SiC) semiconductor devices are considered for implementing the 5L-ANPC inverter. However, the large commutation loops associated with certain switching states of the inverter lessen the benefits of configuring all the switches as SiC devices. As a result, a hybrid Si/SiC 5L-ANPC inverter is developed with a synchronous optimal pulse(SOP) width modulation strategy for controlling the switches in cell 2 and finite-control-set model predictive controller(FCS-MPC) for those in cell 3 of the inverter. Consequently, in the proposed topology, the SiC devices are merely used for the high-frequency switches in cell 3 and the rest of the low-frequency switches are configured with Si IGBTs. This Si/SiC hybrid ANPC inverter concurrently provides high efficiency and low implementation cost at high-speed operation mode. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid inverter.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

11. Fault-tolerant Deadbeat Model Predictive Current Control for a Five-phase PMSM with Improved SVPWM^*

Suleman Saeed, Wenxiang Zhao, Huanan Wang, Tao Tao, Faisal Khan

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (3): 111-123. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000030

摘要（475）

PDF

The main drawbacks of traditional finite set model predictive control are high computational load, large torque ripple, and variable switching frequency. A less complex deadbeat (DB) model predictive current control (MPCC) with improved space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) under a single-phase open-circuit fault is proposed. The proposed method predicts the reference voltage vector in the α-β subspace by employing the deadbeat control principle on the machine predictive model; thus, the exhaustive exploration procedure is avoided to relieve the computational load. To perform the constant switching frequency operation and achieve better steady-state performance, a modified SVPWM strategy is developed with the same conventional structure, which modulates the reference voltage vector. This new approach is based on a redesigned and adjusted post-fault virtual voltage vector space distribution that eliminates the y-axis harmonic components in the x-y subspace and ensures the generation of symmetrical PWM pulses. Meanwhile, the combined merits of the DB, MPCC, and SVPWM methods are realized. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, comparative experiments are performed on a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

12. Active Power Reserve Photovoltaic Virtual Synchronization Control Technology^*

Xing Zhang, Qian Gao, Yuhua Hu, Haizheng Zhang, Zixuan Guo

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (2): 1-6. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000006

摘要（468）

PDF

The photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator (PV-VSG) solves the problem of lack of inertia in the PV power-generation system. The existing PV plants without energy storage are required to participate in the power grid's frequency modulation (FM), but existing PV-VSGs with energy storage have high requirements for coordinated control. Therefore, the active power reserve PV-VSG (APR-PV-VSG) is studied. Based on the different methods to obtain the maximum power point (MPP), the peer-to-peer and master-slave APR-PV-VSG strategies are proposed. The PV inverters are deviated from the MPP to reserve active power, which is used as the virtual inertia and primary FM power. These methods equip the PV power station with FM capability. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies is verified by simulation results.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

13. Overview on Submodule Topologies, Modeling, Modulation, Control Schemes, Fault Diagnosis, and Tolerant Control Strategies of Modular Multilevel Converters^*

Fujin Deng, Yongqing Lü, Chengkai Liu, Qian Heng, Qiang Yu, Jifeng Zhao

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (1): 1-21. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000001

摘要（467）

PDF

In the present scenario, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are considered to be one of the most promising and effective topologies in the family of high-power converters because of their modular design and good scalability; MMCs are extensively used in high-voltage and high-power applications. Based on their unique advantages, MMCs have attracted increasing attention from academic circles over the past years. Several studies have focused on different aspects of MMCs, including submodule topologies, modeling schemes, modulation strategies, control schemes for voltage balancing and circulating currents, fault diagnoses, and fault-tolerant control strategies. To summarize the current research status of MMCs, all the aforementioned research issues with representative research approaches, results and characteristics are systematically overviewed. In the final section, the current research status of MMCs and their future trends are emphasized.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

14. Benefits of High-voltage SiC-based Power Electronics in Medium-voltage Power-distribution Grids^*

Fred Wang, Shiqi Ji

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (1): 1-26. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000001

摘要（457）

PDF

Medium-voltage (MV) power electronics equipment has been increasingly applied in distribution grids, and high-voltage (HV) silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in recent years. This paper first overviews the development and status of HV SiC power semiconductors. Then, MV power-converter applications in distribution grids are summarized and the benefits of HV SiC in these applications are presented. Microgrids, including conventional and asynchronous microgrids, that can fully demonstrate the benefits of HV SiC power semiconductors are selected to investigate the benefits of HV SiC in detail, including converter-level benefits and system-level benefits. Finally, an asynchronous microgrid power-conditioning system (PCS) prototype using a 10 kV SiC MOSFET is presented.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

15. Single-phase Grid-connected PV System with Golden Section Search-based MPPT Algorithm^*

Shuang Xu, Riming Shao, Bo Cao, Liuchen Chang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (4): 25-36. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000035

摘要（450）

PDF

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique employed for with variable-power sources, such as solar, wind, and ocean, to maximize energy extraction under all conditions. The commonly used perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC) methods have advantages such as ease of implementation, but they also have the challenge of selecting the most optimized perturbation step or increment size while considering the trade-off between convergence time and oscillation. To address these issues, an MPPT solution for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems is proposed that combines the golden section search (GSS), P&O, and INC methods to simultaneously achieve faster convergence and smaller oscillation, converging to the MPP by repeatedly narrowing the width of the interval at the rate of the golden ratio. The proposed MPPT technique was applied to a PV system consisting of a PV array, boost chopper, and inverter. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed MPPT technique, by which the system is able to locate the MPP in 36 ms and regain a drifting MPP in approximately 30 ms under transient performance. The overall MPPT efficiency is 98.99%.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

16. Transient Characteristics and Quantitative Analysis of Electromotive Force for DFIG-based Wind Turbines during Grid Faults^*

Yumei Ma, Donghai Zhu, Xudong Zou, Yong Kang, Josep M. Guerrero

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2022, 8 (2): 3-12. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2022.000010

摘要（446）

PDF

For doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines (WTs), various advanced control schemes have been proposed to achieve the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability, whose parameters design is significantly reliant on the rotor electromotive force (EMF) of DFIG-based WTs. However, the influence of the rotor current on EMF is usually ignored in existing studies, which cannot fully reflect the transient characteristics of EMF. To tackle with this issue, this study presents a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of EMF during grid faults considering various control modes. First, the DFIG model under grid faults is established. Subsequently, the transient characteristics of EMF are analyzed under different control modes (that is, rotor open-circuit and connected to converter). Furthermore, the EMF transient eigenvolumes (that is, accessorial resistance item, transient decay time constant, and frequency offset) are quantitatively analyzed with the typical parameters of MW-level DFIG-based WT. The analysis results contribute to the design of the LVRT control scheme. Finally, the analysis is validated by the hardware-in-the-loop experiments.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

17. Vector Control Strategy of a T-type Three-level Converter Driving a Switched Reluctance Motor^*

Mingyao Ma, Zhuangzhi Wang, Qingqing Yang, Shuying Yang, Xing Zhang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (4): 15-21. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2019.000023

摘要（433）

PDF

A novel 12 voltage vector control strategy for switched reluctance motors (SRM) with a T-type three-level converter is proposed in this study. Based on a causal analysis of torque ripple under the control of conventional six voltage vectors, six new voltage vectors are added for further reduction of torque ripple. An optimized control rule is adopted based on the division method of the 12 new voltage vectors. A zero-voltage vector is used to adjust the duration of the 12 voltage vectors, the time of which is varied at different parts of the vector sectors according to the torque error. In addition, the windings are connected in a delta configuration, therefore, the number of connections between the converter and SRM is reduced. Finally, the results of MATLAB/Simulink and RT-LAB are presented to verify the validity of the proposed scheme.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

18. Online Monitoring Method Based on Locus-analysis for High-voltage Cable Faults

Wei Zhao, Xiangyang Xia, Mingde Li, Hai Huang, Shanqiu Chen, Ruiqi Wang, Yan Liu

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (3): 42-48. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2019.000019

摘要（418）

PDF

Online diagnosis methods for high-voltage (HV) cable faults have been extensively studied. Power cable fault monitoring is not accurate, and the degree of data fusion analysis of current methods is insufficient. To address these problems, an online monitoring method based on the locus-analysis for HV cable faults is developed. By simultaneously measuring two circulating currents in a coaxial cable, a two-dimensional locus diagram is drawn. The fault criteria and database are established to detect the fault by analyzing the changes of the locus characteristic parameters. A cross-connected grounding simulation model of a high-voltage cable is developed, and several faults at different locations are simulated. Fault identification is established based on the changes in the long axis, short axis, eccentricity, and tilt angle of the track. The simulation and field experiments show that this method can provide an increased amount of fault-monitoring reference information, which can improve the monitoring accuracy and provide a new approach to cable fault monitoring.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

19. LLC Resonant Converter Topologies and Industrial Applications - A Review^*

Junming Zeng, Guidong Zhang, Samson Shenglong Yu, Bo Zhang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (3): 73-84. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000021

摘要（414）

PDF

Owing to the advantages of high efficiency, high energy density, electrical isolation, low electromagnetic interference (EMI) and harmonic pollution, magnetic integration, wide output ranges, low voltage stress, and high operation frequency, the LLC resonant converters are widely used in various sectors of the electronics-based industries. The history and development of the LLC resonant converters are presented, their advantages are analyzed, three of the most popular LLC resonant converter topologies with detailed assessments of their strengths and drawbacks are elaborated. Furthermore, an important piece of research on the industrial applications of the LLC resonant converters is conducted, mainly including electric vehicle (EV) charging, photovoltaic systems, and light emitting diode (LED) lighting drivers and liquid crystal display (LCD) TV power supplies. Finally, the future evolution of the LLC resonant converter technology is discussed.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

20. Evaluation of High Step-up Power Conversion Systems for Large-capacity Photovoltaic Generation Integrated into Medium Voltage DC Grids^*

Shilei Lu, Kai Sun, Haixu Shi, Yunwei Li, Guoen Cao

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (4): 3-14. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000033

摘要（411）

PDF

With the increase of dc based renewable energy generation and dc loads, the medium voltage dc (MVDC) distribution network is becoming a promising option for more efficient system integration. In particular, large-capacity photovoltaic (PV)-based power generation is growing rapidly, and a corresponding power conversion system is critical to integrate these large PV systems into MVDC power grid. Different from traditional ac grid-connected converters, the converter system for dc grid interfaced PV system requires large-capacity dc conversion over a wide range of ultra-high voltage step-up ratios. This is an important issue, yet received limited research so far. In this paper, a thorough study of dc-dc conversion system for a medium-voltage dc grid-connected PV system is conducted. The required structural features for such a conversion system are first discussed. Based on these features, the conversion system is classified into four categories by series-parallel connection scheme of power modules. Then two existing conversion system configurations as well as a proposed solution are compared in terms of input/output performance, conversion efficiency, modulation method, control complexity, power density, reliability, and hardware cost. In-depth analysis is carried out to select the most suitable conversion systems in various application scenarios.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

21. Review of Low Carrier Ratio Converter System^*

Mai Xu, Yang Zhang, Da Luo, Anping Shen

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (1): 79-93. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000008

摘要（409）

PDF

With the rapid development of new energy power generation and high-power traction technology, the voltage and power levels of converter devices have been continuously improved, and the application of high-power converters is becoming increasingly widespread. However, high-power converters are affected by switching losses and heat dissipation, meaning they are not suitable for high carrier conditions. Therefore, research of low carrier ratio converter systems has received increased attention. Based on existing research, the problems of large current harmonics, low observation accuracy, and poor stability that may occur at low carrier ratios are explained. In addition, the topologies, modulation strategies, and control methods of the low carrier ratio converter system are analyzed and classified. Finally, future research directions of low carrier ratio converter systems are proposed.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

22. Fast Online Diagnosis of Open-circuit Switching Faults in Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverters

Majid T. Fard, Waqar A. Khan, Jiangbiao He, Nathan Weise, Mostafa Abarzadeh

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (4): 53-62. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000030

摘要（406）

PDF

Flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) inverter is an attractive power converter topology which provides high-quality staircase output voltage waveforms by cascading flying capacitor cells. However, the large number of semiconductor devices utilized in the FCML inverters degrades the hardware reliability, which may constrain such converters from being applied in safety-critical applications. Targeting at open-circuit switching faults, a fast online fault diagnostic method for FCML inverters is presented. Conventional phase-shifted PWM (PSPWM), which can naturally balance the voltage across flying capacitors, is used as the modulation method in this work. Hence, to retain the simplicity feature of the PSPWM, the proposed diagnostic method is developed so that it does not require any voltage measurements of flying capacitors. Only the output AC voltage and current data along with the switching PWM signals from the microcontroller are needed to detect an open-circuit switching fault, and all such sensory data is typically available in the inverter, requiring no additional sensors or hardware for the implementation of this diagnostic method. The detection process takes 5% of the fundamental period of the inverter output signals to diagnose the faulty switch. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic method.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

23. Optimized Controller Gains Using Grey Wolf Algorithm for Grid Tied Solar Power Generation with Improved Dynamics and Power Quality

Veramalla Rajagopal, Danthurthi Sharath, Gundeboina Vishwas, Jampana Bangarraju, Sabha Raj Arya, Challa Venkatesh

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2022, 8 (2): 75-85. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2022.000016

摘要（406）

PDF

This study proposes a control algorithm based on synchronous reference frame theory with unit templates instead of a phase locked loop for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar system, comprising solar PV panels, DC-DC converter, controller for maximum power point tracking, resistance capacitance ripple filter, insulated-gate bipolar transistor based controller, interfacing inductor, linear and nonlinear loads. The dynamic performance of the grid connected solar system depends on the effect operation of the control algorithm, comprising two proportional-integral controllers. These controllers estimate the reference solar-grid currents, which in turn generate pulses for the three-leg voltage source converter. The grey wolf optimization algorithm is used to optimize the controller gains of the proportional-integral controllers, resulting in excellent performance compared to that of existing optimization algorithms. The compensation for neutral current is provided by a star-delta transformer (non-isolated), and the proposed solar PV grid system provides zero voltage regulation and eliminates harmonics, in addition to load balancing. Maximum power extraction from the solar panel is achieved using the incremental conductance algorithm for the DC-DC converter supplying solar power to the DC bus capacitor, which in turn supplies this power to the grid with improved dynamics and quality. The solar system along with the control algorithm and controller is modeled using Simulink in Matlab 2019.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

24. Coupled Electromagnetic-thermal Analysis of Segmented PM Consequent Pole Flux Switching Machine

Wasiq Ullah, Faisal Khan, Muhammad Umair, Erwan Sulaiman

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (2): 50-60. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000015

摘要（404）

PDF

Compact stator structure of flux switching machines (FSMs) encompassing both permanent magnets (PMs) and armature winding slots (AWS) attract research interest whenever high power and density are the basic requirements. However, it also results in temperature rises owing to heat generation by electromagnetic power losses degrading the electromagnetic performance and affecting machine performance. In this study, a segmented permanent magnet (SPM) consequent pole FSM (SPM-CPFSM) is developed, which provides a stator cooling channel (duct) for improved heat dissipation to avoid demagnetization of PM as well as overheating. Furthermore, this study investigates detailed electromagnetic performance analysis and prediction of temperature variation in various machine parts owing to the heat generated by iron, copper, and magnet eddy current losses utilizing coupled electromagnetic-thermal analysis accounting for magnetic flux density variation. In comparison with the 2D analysis, the developed 3D coupled-field analysis more accurately predicts electromagnetic performance and temperature distribution. Analysis reveals that a cooling duct at the stator significantly assists in stator heat dissipation in the axial direction ensuring a safe operating condition of the PMs as well as machine parts to avoid overheating.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

25. A Novel Intermediate Bus Converter Topology for Cutting Edge Data Center Applications

Samuel Webb, Yan-Fei Liu

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (4): 3-14. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000026

摘要（399）

PDF

As new technologies emerge data centers and servers have established themselves as one of the largest and fastest growing consumers of power. While switched capacitor converter topologies have some very attractive features, namely low reliance on magnetic components and high efficiency, several critical factors have prevented their adoption in high current data center applications. The family of converters proposed are novel intermediate bus converter that demonstrates the highest performance yet achieved for 48 V to 12 V conversion with up to 2.5 kW/in³ power density, higher than 99% peak efficiency, and 97.2% full load efficiency for 12 V/70 A output. The reduction of voltage stress across the MOSFETs as well as extremely low reliance on magnetics are the key driving factors behind this high efficiency and power density, and are achieved without a sensitive resonant design or the usage of complex control technique.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

26. Double-loop Control Structure Using Proportional Resonant and Sequence-decoupled Resonant Controllers in Static Coordinates for Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Vu Thai Hung, Hongchun Shu, Le Ngoc Giang, Nguyen Duc The

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (3): 10-19. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2019.000016

摘要（396）

PDF

Among incidents on grids, the sag/swell voltage is considered as the most frequent incident. To solve this problem, custom power devices are used. In particular, the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a modern and efficient customer device. DVRs are used to mitigate voltage sag/swells and harmonics on the load bus, thus protecting the sensitive loads. The DVR is a serial compensator that applies a voltage to the point of common coupling to maintain the voltage of sensitive load at the nominal value. To improve the performance of DVRs, in this study, the control strategy of the two-stage loop circuit is implemented. The external voltage control loop uses a sequence-decoupled resonant (SDR) controller, and the inner current-control loop uses the proportional resonant (PR) controller implemented in the stationary frame αβ.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

27. Evaluation of Waste Heat Recovery of Electrical Powertrain with Electro-thermally Coupled Models for Electric Vehicle Applications^*

Xiao Chen, Jiabin Wang, Antonio Griffo, Liang Chen

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (3): 88-99. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000028

摘要（396）

PDF

The mile range of an electric vehicle (EV) may be reduced significantly in cold weather owing to the energy demand for meeting thermal comfort in the vehicle cabin, as waste heat from a combustion engine is not available for this purpose. Various heat pump-based heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can be employed to absorb the heat energy from the surroundings and/or the waste heat from the electrical powertrain to facilitate cabin thermal comfort, thereby extending the EV mile range. However, there is a lack of research on the electro-thermally coupled modelling and evaluation of the thermal performance of HVAC systems. This paper proposes electro-thermally coupled models for the electrical machine and inverter by modelling the key electromagnetic quantities as functions of the torque and speed based on offline parameter extraction from two-dimensional electromagnetic finite element analysis. The proposed electro-thermally coupled models, which are computationally efficient, are integrated into HVAC thermofluid simulation. Comparative studies of three heat pump-based HVAC architectures (conventional ambient heat only, waste heat only, and dual heat source) are performed using the proposed electro-thermally coupled models. The dual heat source HVAC architecture exhibits superior thermal performance over its counterparts in cold weather conditions.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

28. Research on Distributed Coordination Control Method for Microgrid System Based on Finite-time Event-triggered Consensus Algorithm^*

Lizhen Wu, Heng Yang, Jianping Wei, Wendong Jiang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2024, 10 (2): 103-115. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2024.000053

摘要（395）

PDF

Microgrids are networked control systems with multiple distributed generators (DGs). Microgrids are associated with many problems, such as communication delays, high sampling rates, and frequent controller updates, which make it challenging to realize coordination control among the DGs. Therefore, finite-time consensus algorithms and event-triggered control methods are combined to propose a distributed coordination control method for microgrid systems. The DG in the microgrid system serves as an agent node in the control network, and a distributed secondary controller is designed using finite-time consensus algorithm, such that the frequency and voltage restoration control has a faster convergence time and better anti-interference performance. The event-triggered function was designed based on the state information of the agents. The controller exchanges the state information at the trigger instants. System stability is analyzed using the Lyapunov stability theory, and it is verified that the controller cannot exhibit the Zeno phenomenon in the event-triggered process. A simulation platform was developed in Matlab/Simulink to verify that the proposed control method can effectively reduce the frequency of controller updates during communication delays and the burden on the communication network.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

29. Physics Informed Neural Network-based High-frequency Modeling of Induction Motors

Zhenyu Zhao, Fei Fan, Quqin Sun, Huamin Jie, Zhou Shu, Wensong Wang, Kye Yak See

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2022, 8 (4): 30-38. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2022.000036

摘要（394）

PDF

The high-frequency (HF) modeling of induction motors plays a key role in predicting the motor terminal overvoltage and conducted emissions in a motor drive system. In this study, a physics informed neural network-based HF modeling method, which has the merits of high accuracy, good versatility, and simple parameterization, is proposed. The proposed model of the induction motor consists of a three-phase equivalent circuit with eighteen circuit elements per phase to ensure model accuracy. The per phase circuit structure is symmetric concerning its phase-start and phase-end points. This symmetry enables the proposed model to be applicable for both star- and delta-connected induction motors without having to recalculate the circuit element values when changing the motor connection from star to delta and vice versa. Motor physics knowledge, namely per-phase impedances, are used in the artificial neural network to obtain the values of the circuit elements. The parameterization can be easily implemented within a few minutes using a common personal computer (PC). Case studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed HF modeling method.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

30. Overview of Planar Magnetics for High-frequency Resonant Converters^*

Yue Liu, Yufeng Song, Dingfan Hu, Yang Li, Zuoqian Zhang, Hongfei Wu

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2022, 8 (4): 61-78. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2022.000039

摘要（394）

PDF

With the continuous development of power supplies toward miniaturization, light weights, and high levels of integration, research on high-frequency resonant conversion based on planar magnetics is becoming extensive. Combining the soft-switching characteristics of resonant converters with those of wide bandgap devices, the switching frequency can be increase to the MHz range, and the power density of the entire system can be improved considerably. However, higher switching frequencies impose new requirements for the structural design, loss distribution, and common mode (CM) noise suppression of passive magnetic components. Herein, a thorough survey of the-state-of-the-art of planar magnetics in high-frequency resonant converters is conducted. Printed circuit board winding-based planar magnetics, magnetic integration, and power-loss optimization strategies are summarized in detail. Suppression methods for CM noise in high-frequency planar magnetics are also clarified and discussed. An insight view into the future development of planar magnetics for high-frequency resonant converters is presented.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

31. Effect of Salty Fog on Flashover Characteristics of OCS Composite Insulators^*

Sihua Wang, Youlong Wu

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (3): 59-66. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2019.000021

摘要（390）

PDF

To study the flashover characteristics of the fog water in saline-alkali areas for high-speed railway OSC insulators, the spatial distributions of both the potential and electric field of soiled insulators in the presence of salty fog are analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics, a multi-physics coupling software. Furthermore, to analyze the effect of the contamination of insulators due to salty fog water , a saline solution is used for staining an insulator sample by using the solid coating method. In an artificial climate chamber, the salty fog environment is simulated, and the flashover voltage for different salty fog water conductivities and surface staining are obtained. The salt-density correction coefficient K is also proposed. It provides a strong basis for the selection of railway insulators in saline-alkali areas. The results show that the salty fog water changes the original surface equivalent salt density, ρESDD, by wetting the existing fouling layer on the surface of the insulator, so that the original surface contamination layer becomes equivalent to Kρ_ESDD; the smaller is the value of ρ_ESDD of the insulator surface, the larger is the value of K; the surface of the same insulator is dirty, and as the concentration of salty fog-water increases, K also increases.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

32. Review of Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET Based on Hybrid Switch^*

Puqi Ning, Tianshu Yuan, Yuhui Kang, Cao Han, Lei Li

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (3): 20-29. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2019.000017

摘要（388）

PDF

SiC Hybrid switch (HyS) combines low conduction loss of Si IGBT and low switching loss of SiC MOSFET, and the cost is closer to that of Si IGBT. The promising high performances of HyS will bring considerable achievement in terms of enhancing power density of a converter system. By reviewing the gate drive pattern, gate drive hardware, current sharing, module design, converter design, and cost, this paper introduces state-of-the-art SiC HyS.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

33. Comparative Analysis on the Stability Mechanism of Droop Control and VID Control in DC Microgrid^*

Gang Lin, Wei Zuo, Yong Li, Jiayan Liu, Shaoyang Wang, Pengcheng Wang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (1): 37-46. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000003

摘要（388）

PDF

Voltage resonance and fluctuation deteriorate the stability of DC microgrids (DC-MGs) and restrict their popularization. Conventional droop control cannot suppress voltage fluctuation and damp oscillations. Therefore, new control methods, namely, droop+filter control and virtual inertia and damping control, are proposed. These methods differ owing to the addition of low pass filter (LPF) and virtual inertia loop. In this study, the stability of these control methods is investigated comprehensively to understand their differences arising from the use of LPF and inertia loop as well as the underlying dynamic stability mechanism. The leading causes of voltage instability in DC-MGs regulated by droop control are first presented. Subsequently, control methods for solving this issue are compared and their simplified small-signal models are constructed. Based on eigenvalue analysis, the DC-MG is equivalent to a third-order system. Different control effects can be acquired by changing the control parameters and the location of the eigenvalues; furthermore, they can be used to understand the dynamic stability. Eigenvalue analysis can provide parameter design guidelines. Finally, the simulation results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

34. Review of General Modeling Approaches of Power Converters^*

Dong Yan, Chenglin Yang, Lijun Hang, Yuanbin He, Ping Luo, Lei Shen, Pingliang Zeng

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (1): 27-36. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000002

摘要（387）

PDF

The modeling approaches of power converters occupy an important position in power electronic systems and have made considerable progress over the past years. Continuous modeling approaches and linearization techniques are reviewed, including the state-space average model, generalized average model, averaged small-signal model, and describing function method. A Buck converter with PWM modulation and voltage-mode control is taken as an example to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different methods through simulation analysis. Moreover, the corresponding equivalent circuit with an intuitive physical meaning of state-space average model, generalized average model, and averaged small-signal model is given. The results point out that the generalized average model can improve the modeling accuracy based on the state-space average model. In the linearization techniques, the averaged small-signal model reflects accuracy at low frequencies, but introduces phase lag in the high-frequency region. The describing function method is derived from harmonic linearization, which takes into account the sideband effect and improves the modeling accuracy at high frequencies.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

35. Fault Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Array Based on Deep Belief Network Optimized by Genetic Algorithm^*

Caixia Tao, Xu Wang, Fengyang Gao, Min Wang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (3): 106-114. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000024

摘要（387）

PDF

When using deep belief networks (DBN) to establish a fault diagnosis model, the objective function easily falls into a local optimum during the learning and training process due to random initialization of the DBN network bias and weights, thereby affecting the computational efficiency. To address the problem, a fault diagnosis method based on a deep belief network optimized by genetic algorithm (GA-DBN) is proposed. The method uses the restricted Boltzmann machine reconstruction error to structure the fitness function, and uses the genetic algorithm to optimize the network bias and weight, thus improving the network accuracy and convergence speed. In the experiment, the performance of the model is analyzed from the aspects of reconstruction error, classification accuracy, and time-consuming size. The results are compared with those of back propagation optimized by the genetic algorithm, support vector machines, and DBN. It shows that the proposed method improves the generalization ability of traditional DBN, and has higher recognition accuracy of photovoltaic array faults.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

36. Simplified Analytical Model for Estimation of Switching Loss of Cascode GaN HEMTs in Totem-pole PFC Converters^*

Qiqi Li, Bangyin Liu, Shanxu Duan

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2019, 5 (3): 1-9. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2019.000015

摘要（384）

PDF

A practical analytical model to calculate the switching loss of cascode gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) is proposed. To facilitate analysis and application, the transmission delays introduced by Si MOSFET and interconnection inductances are ignored in modeling. Meanwhile, the nonlinear junction capacitances of the device and circuit stray inductances are also incorporated to increase the accuracy of the model. The turn-on and turn-off switching processes are described in detail and the simplified equations can be easily solved by using mathematical tools. Based on the analytical model, loss evaluation of totem-pole PFC converter is introduced briefly. Finally, the accuracy of the model is validated by comparing the calculated loss and converter’s efficiency with experiment results. Peak efficiency of 99.26% is achieved for a 3.6 kW single phase CCM Totem-Pole PFC AC/DC converter switching at 50 kHz based on 650 V cascode GaN HEMTs.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

37. Review of Power Module Automatic Layout Optimization Methods in Electric Vehicle Applications^*

Puqi Ning, Huakang Li, Yunhao Huang, Yuhui Kang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2020, 6 (3): 8-24. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000015

摘要（383）

PDF

The layout of power modules is a crucial design consideration, especially for silicon carbide devices. For electrical layout, optimizing the parasitic parameters can improving switching loss and dynamic behavior. For thermal layout, reducing the thermal resistance and controlling thermal capacitance can reduce the local hot point. Conventional layout design iterations are based on human knowledge and experience. But the major drawback of manual design methods is a limited choice of candidates, large time consumption and also the lack of consistency. With the introduce of automatic layout design, these challenges can be overcome which in the meanwhile alleviates current and temperature imbalance. By reviewing element representation, placement, routing, fitness evaluation, and the optimization algorithm approaches, a state-of-the-art power module layout design method for electric vehicle applications is introduced.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

38. Robust Predictive Current Control of Induction Motors Based on Linear Extended State Observer

Yongchang Zhang, Xing Wang, Haitao Yang, Boyue Zhang and Jose Rodriguez

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (1): 94-105. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000009

摘要（380）

PDF

Model predictive current control can achieve fast dynamic response and satisfactory steady-state performance for induction motor (IM) drives. However, many motor parameters are required to implement the control algorithm. Consequently, if the motor parameters used in the controller are not accurate, the performance may deteriorate. In this paper, a new robust predictive current control is proposed to improve robustness against parameter mismatches. The proposed method employs an ultra-local model to replace the mathematical model of the IM. Additionally, to improve the control performance, a linear extended state observer is developed for disturbance estimation. Experimental tests confirm that satisfactory tracking performance can still be obtained although the motor parameters may not be accurately set in the controller.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

39. Review of Grid-forming Inverters in Support of Power System Operation

Guanhong Song, Bo Cao, Liuchen Chang

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2022, 8 (1): 1-15. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2022.000001

摘要（377）

PDF

The penetration of distributed energy resources in electrical grids has been steadily increasing in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Inverters, as interfaces between distributed energy resources and grids, have become critical assets in modern power systems. In recent years, the development and application of grid-forming inverters have gained significant traction due to their capability of supporting power grid operations. A comprehensive review of grid-forming inverters is presented for power system applications. A comparison between grid-forming inverters and grid-following inverters is conducted in terms of their functionalities to highlight the potential of grid-forming inverter technologies in support of power system stability and resiliency. In addition, advanced control strategies integrated into grid-forming inverters under various operation conditions are presented through reviewing the innovations introduced in recent literature and in industrial applications. This paper is intended to provide an updated reference regarding grid-forming inverters for power system applications to researchers and practitioners in the field of power electronics.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

Select

40. Resonance Mechanism Analysis of Large-scale Photovoltaic Power Plant^*

Jinjie Lin, Yong Li, Sijia Hu, Qianyi Liu, Jing Zhang, Shaoyang Wang, Lihong Dong, Juan Ni

中国电气工程学报（英文） 2021, 7 (1): 47-54. DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000004

摘要（376）

PDF

To analyze the resonance mechanism of a photovoltaic (PV) power plant, a simplified impedance model of the PV power plant is first established. The structure of the PV power plant is then introduced, and the reason for the resonance is obtained by analyzing the on-site situation and measured data of the PV power plant. Finally, a simple and effective solution is proposed based on the structure of the PV power plant and its existing facilities. The results of the engineering experiments and the stable operation of the PV power plant verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

参考文献 | 相关文章 | 多维度评价

阅读排行