中国电气工程学报（英文） ›› 2022, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (4): 61-78.doi: 10.23919/CJEE.2022.000039
-
收稿日期:2022-07-05修回日期:2022-07-22接受日期:2022-07-29出版日期:2022-12-25发布日期:2023-01-13
Overview of Planar Magnetics for High-frequency Resonant Converters*
Yue Liu, Yufeng Song, Dingfan Hu, Yang Li, Zuoqian Zhang, Hongfei Wu*
- Department of Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
-
Received:2022-07-05Revised:2022-07-22Accepted:2022-07-29Online:2022-12-25Published:2023-01-13 -
Contact:* E-mail: wuhongfei@nuaa.edu.cn -
About author:Yue Liu was born in Jiangsu Province, China, in 1997. He received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China, in 2019, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. His main research interests include magnetic integration and resonant converters.
Yufeng Song was born in Jiangsu Province, China, in 1999. He is currently working toward the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China. His main research interests include magnetic integration and resonant converters.
Dingfan Hu was born in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2000. He is currently working toward the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China. His main research interests include magnetic integration and resonant converters.
Yang Li was born in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2000. She is currently working toward the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China. Her main research interests include magnetic integration and resonant converters.
Zuoqian Zhang was born in Jiangxi Province, China, in 1997. He received the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China, in 2020, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. His main research interests include DC-DC converters and control.
Hongfei Wu (S'11-M'13-SM'18) received the B.S. and Ph. D degrees in Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics and Power Drives from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, China, in 2008 and 2013, respectively.
Since 2013, he has been with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, NUAA, and is currently a Professor with College of Automation Engineering, NUAA. He has authored and co-authored more than 170 peer-reviewed papers published in journals and conference proceedings. He is the holder of more than 40 patents. His research interests are high performance power converters, wide-band-gap devices applications and magnetic integration.
Dr. Wu was the recipient of the Best Associate Editor of Journal of Power Electronics (2018), the Outstanding Reviewer of IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (2013), the Changkong Scholar Award and Young Scholar Innovation Award of NUAA (2017). He serves as an Associate Editor of Journal of Power Electronics, CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronic Devices and Components. He is a Gest Associate Editor of IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. -
Supported by:* National Natural Science Foundation of China (52122708, 51977105) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20200017).
引用本文
. [J]. 中国电气工程学报（英文）, 2022, 8(4): 61-78.
Yue Liu, Yufeng Song, Dingfan Hu, Yang Li, Zuoqian Zhang, Hongfei Wu. Overview of Planar Magnetics for High-frequency Resonant Converters*[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2022, 8(4): 61-78.
| [1] F C Lee, Q Li, A Nabih.High-frequency resonant converters: An overview on the magnetic design and control methods.IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(1): 11-23. [2] J D van Wyk, F C Lee. On a future for power electronics.IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 1(2): 59-72. [3] B Zhao, Q Song, W Liu, et al.Overview of dual-active-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter for high-frequency-link power-conversion system.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(8): 4091-4106. [4] R C N Pilawa-Podgurski, A D Sagneri, J M Rivas, et al. Very-high-frequency resonant boost converters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2009, 24(6): 1654-1665. [5] Y Wang, O Lucia, Z Zhang, et al.A review of high frequency power converters and related technologies.IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, 2020, 1: 247-260. [6] K I Hwu, W C Yen, Y H Chen.Digital control of isolated two-stage DC-DC converter with synchronization considered. [7] M Fu, C Fei, Y Yang, et al.A GaN-based DC-DC module for railway applications: Design consideration and high-frequency digital control.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, 67(2): 1638-1647. [8] E Cardelli, L Fiorucci, E D Torre.Estimation of MnZn ferrite core losses in magnetic components at high frequency.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2001, 37(4): 2366-2368. [9] A Stadler, M Albach.The influence of the winding layout on the core losses and the leakage inductance in high frequency transformers.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2006, 42(4): 735-738. [10] M T Quirke, J J Barrett, M Hayes.Planar magnetic component technology-A review.IEEE Transactions on Components, 1992, 15(5): 884-892. [11] G François, F Baudart, B Dehez.Analytical estimation of eddy current losses in PCB winding for the optimal sizing of PM slotless motor. [12] L A R Tria, D Zhang, J E Fletcher. Planar PCB transformer model for circuit simulation.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2016, 52(7): 1-4. [13] D Huang, S Ji, F C Lee.LLC resonant converter with matrix transformer.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(8): 4339-4347. [14] C Fei, F C Lee, Q Li.High-efficiency high-power-density LLC converter with an integrated planar matrix transformer for high-output current applications.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(11): 9072-9082. [15] M H Ahmed, A Nabih, F C Lee, et al.Low-loss integrated inductor and transformer structure and application in regulated LLC converter for 48-V bus converter.IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2020, 8(1): 589-600. [16] Y Liu, H Wu, J Zou, et al.CLL resonant converter with secondary side resonant inductor and integrated magnetics.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(10): 11316-11325. [17] M K Ranjram, D J Perreault.A 380-12 V, 1-kW, 1-MHz converter using a miniaturized split-phase, fractional-turn planar transformer.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022, 37(2): 1666-1681. [18] M D'Antonio, S Chakraborty, A Khaligh.Planar transformer with asymmetric integrated leakage inductance using horizontal air gap.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(12): 14014-14028. [19] A Nabih, Q Li, F C Lee.Magnetic integration of four-transformer matrix with high controllable leakage inductance using a five-leg magnetic. [20] M Li, Z Ouyang, M A E Andersen. High-frequency LLC resonant converter with magnetic shunt integrated planar transformer.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(3): 2405-2415. [21] E Orietti, P Mattavelli, G Spiazzi, et al.Current sharing in three-phase LLC interleaved resonant converter. [22] C Fei, R Gadelrab, Q Li, et al.High-frequency three-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter with GaN devices and integrated planar magnetics.IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2019, 7(2): 653-663. [23] R Gadelrab, F C Lee, Q Li.Three-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter with integrated planar magnetics for telecom and server application. [24] B Li, Q Li, F C Lee.High frequency PCB winding transformer with integrated inductors for a bi-directional resonant converter.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 34(7): 6123-6135. [25] J Li, H Wu, W Hua, et al.Matrix inductor-transformer integration and optimization design for CLLC bidirectional resonant converter.Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(10): 3720-3728. [26] K Zhang, T X Wu, J Shen, et al.Modeling and design optimization of planar power transformer for aerospace application. [27] C Ropoteanu, P Svasta, C Ionescu.A study of losses in planar transformers with different layer structure. [28] R Yu, T Chen, P Liu, et al.A 3-D winding structure for planar transformers and its applications to LLC resonant converters.IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(5): 6232-6247. [29] W Chen, Y Yan, Y Hu, et al.Model and design of PCB parallel winding for planar transformer.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003, 39(5): 3202-3204. [30] S Li, E Rong, Q Min, et al.A half-turn transformer with symmetry magnetic flux for high-frequency-isolated DC/DC converters.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, 33(8): 6467-6470. [31] Y Liu, K Chen, C Chen, et al.Quarter-turn transformer design and optimization for high power density 1-MHz LLC resonant converter.IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2020, 67(2): 1580-1591. [32] S Wang, H Wu, F C Lee, et al.Integrated matrix transformer with optimized PCB winding for high-efficiency high-power-density LLC resonant converter. [33] Y Jin, W Xie, N Yang, et al.High efficiency resonant DC/DC converter based on GaN device and planar transformer. [34] P R Wilson, J N Ross, A D Brown.Modeling frequency-dependent losses in ferrite cores.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2004, 40(3): 1537-1541. [35] I D Mayergoyz, G Friedman.Generalized Preisach model of hysteresis.IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 1988, 24(1): 212-217. [36] D C Jiles, D L Atherton.Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1986, 61: 48-60. [37] D Lin, P Zhou, W N Fu, et al.A dynamic core loss model for soft ferromagnetic and power ferrite materials in transient finite element analysis.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2004, 40(2): 1318-1321. [38] C P Steinmetz. On the law of hysteresis. [39] J E Brittain.A Steinmemtz contribution to the AC power revolution.Proceedings of the IEEE, 1984, 72(2): 196-197. [40] J Reinert, A Brockmeyer, R W A A De Doncker. Calculation of losses in ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials based on the modified Steinmetz equation.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001, 37(4): 1055-1061. [41] J Li, T Abdallah, C R Sullivan.Improved calculation of core loss with nonsinusoidal waveforms. [42] J Liu, T G Wilson, R C Wong, et al.A method for inductor core loss estimation in power factor correction applications. [43] K Venkatachalam, C R Sullivan, T Abdallah, et al.Accurate prediction of ferrite core loss with nonsinusoidal waveforms using only Steinmetz parameters. [44] J Muhlethaler, J Biela, J W Kolar, et al.Improved core-loss calculation for magnetic components employed in power electronic systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(2): 964-973. [45] A Brockmeyer.Experimental evaluation of the influence of DC-premagnetization on the properties of power electronic ferrites. [46] W K Mo, D K W Cheng, Y S Lee. Simple approximations of the DC flux influence on the core loss power electronic ferrites and their use in design of magnetic components.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1997, 44(12): 788-799. [47] J Ye, W Chen, J Wang.Research on the core loss model under PWM wave and DC bias excitations.Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(10): 2601-2606. [48] E Dlala.Comparison of models for estimating magnetic core losses in electrical machines using the finite-element method.IEEE Trans. Magn, 2009, 45(2): 716-725. [49] A Rakotomatala, N Burais, P Auriol.A 2D semi-analytical method for the calculation of eddy current losses in transformer and inductance coils. [50] P L Dowell.Effects of eddy currents in transformer windings.Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1966, 113(8): 1387-1394. [51] J A Ferreira.Improved analytical modeling of conductive losses in magnetic components.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1994, 9(1): 127-131. [52] J A Ferreira.Appropriate modelling of conductive losses in the design of magnetic components. [53] X Nan, C R Sullivan.An improved calculation of proximity-effect loss in high-frequency windings of round conductors. [54] A W Lotfi, F C Lee.Two dimensional field solutions for high frequency transformer windings. [55] F Robert, P Mathys, J P Schauwers.A closed-form formula for 2-D ohmic losses calculation in SMPS transformer foils.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2001, 16(3): 437-444. [56] N H Kutkut.A simple technique to evaluate winding losses including two-dimensional edge effects. [57] K V Iyer, W P Robbins, K Basu, et al.Transformer winding losses with round conductors for duty-cycle regulated square waves. [58] W Yuan, X Huang, P Meng, et al.An improved winding loss analytical model of Flyback transformer. [59] M Cui, X You, Y Li, et al.Planar transformer design in GaN based LLC resonant converter. [60] I Lope, C Carretero, J Acero, et al.AC power losses model for planar windings with rectangular cross-sectional conductors.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(1): 23-28. [61] X Wang, L Wang, L Mao, et al.Improved analytical calculation of high frequency winding losses in planar inductors. [62] M Wu, L Wang, D Ahmed, et al.An accurate analytical model to evaluate the winding loss of a single-layer multi-turn planar air-core PCB-inductor. [63] P Marketos, J P Hall, S E Zirka.Power loss measurement and prediction of soft magnetic powder composites magnetized under sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal excitation.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2008, 44(11): 3847-3850. [64] J Ye, W Chen, J He.A differential method of high-frequency magnetics core loss test scheme. [65] J Wang,W Chen.Study of calorimetric method to measure loss of super low loss angle core.Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2012, 31(4): 6-9. [66] P Gradzki.Core loss characterization and design optimization of high-frequency power ferrite devices in power electronics applications. Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. [67] F D Tan, J L Vollin, S M Cuk.A practical approach for magnetic core-loss characterization.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(2): 124-130. [68] D R Turner, K J Binns, B N Shamsaddeen, et al.Accurate measurement of induction motor losses using balance calorimete.Electric Power Applications, 1991, 138(5): 233-242. [69] J Zhang, G Skutt, F C Lee.Some practical issues related to core loss measurement using impedance analyzer approach. [70] G R Skut, F C Lee.Some practical issues related to core loss measurement using impedance analyzer. [71] D Y Chen.High-frequency core loss characteristics of amorphous magnetic alloy.Proceedings of the IEEE, 1981, 69(7): 853-855. [72] M S Lancarotte, C Goldemberg, A D A Penteado. Estimation of FeSi core losses under PWM or DC bias ripple voltage excitations.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2005, 20(2): 367-372. [73] C Yan,J He,X Guo.Influence of different excitation waveforms on ferrite core loss.Journal of Magnetic Materials and Devices, 2011, 42(2): 37-42. [74] D Hou, M Mu, F C Lee, et al.New high-frequency core loss measurement method with partial cancellation concept.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(4): 2987-2994. [75] J Ye, W Chen.The method and device based on the differential power for measurement of high-frequency core losses.Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(16): 4834-4841, 4909. [76] C R Sullivan.Computationally efficient winding loss calculation with multiple windings, arbitrary waveforms, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional field geometry.IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, 2001, 16(1): 142-150. [77] J Ye, W Chen.A novel evaluation and test method for gapped magnetics high-frequency winding losses.Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(7): 1749-1755. [78] J Wang, W Chen.Deduction of copper loss from core loss under square wave excitation.Journal of Nanchang University, 2012, 34(3): 279-282. [79] Y Hao, W Eberle, Y Liu.A practical copper loss measurement method for the planar transformer in high-frequency switching converters.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2007, 54(4): 2276-2287. [80] J Ye, W Chen, R Zheng, et al.The direct measurement method of magnetic winding losses.Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(5): 1369-1374. [81] D Fu, S Wang, P Kong, et al.Novel techniques to suppress the common-mode EMI noise caused by transformer parasitic capacitances in DC-DC converters.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(11): 4968-4977. [82] Y P Chan, B M H Pong, N K Poon, et al. Common-mode noise cancellation by an antiphase winding in multilayer isolated planar transformer.IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2014, 56(1): 67-73. [83] S Zhang, X Wu.Analysis and suppression of conducted EMI emissions for front-end LLC resonant DC/DC converters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(2): 1032-1037. [84] D Fu, P Kong, S Wang, et al.Some practical issues related to core loss measurement using impedance analyzer approach. [85] Y Han, G Li, H Shi, et al.Analysis and suppression of common-mode EMI noise in 1 MHz 380 V-12 V DCX converter with low NFoM devices.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2021, 36(7): 7903-7931. [86] Y Yang, D Huang, F C Lee, et al.Analysis and reduction of common mode EMI noise for resonant converters. [87] C Fei, Y Yang, Q Li, et al.Shielding technique for planar matrix transformers to suppress common-mode EMI noise and improve efficiency.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, 65(2): 1263-1272. |
| No related articles found! |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||