中国电气工程学报（英文） ›› 2023, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (3): 3-14.doi: 10.23919/CJEE.2023.000007

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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-29 修回日期:2022-11-28 接受日期:2023-01-15 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-02-11

Experimental Study on the Effect of State of Charge on Failure Propagation Characteristics within Battery Modules*

Kuijie Li1,2,3, Yalun Li2,4,*, Xinyu Rui2, Yuancheng Cao1, Liyun Fan3, Xuning Feng2,*   

  1. 1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China;
    3. College of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China;
    4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
  • Received:2022-08-29 Revised:2022-11-28 Accepted:2023-01-15 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-02-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: liyalun@tsinghua.edu.cn; fxn17@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • About author:Kuijie Li received his B.E. and M.S. degrees in Energy and Power Engineering from North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China, and Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. at the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. His current research interests include the safety management of energy storage battery and power battery.
    Yalun Li received his B.E. and M.S. degrees in Energy and Power Engineering from Beihang University, Beijing, China. He finished his Ph.D. in Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics from Tsinghua University, China in 2021 and currently working as a Research Associate at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. His current research interests include the safety management of energy storage battery, battery charging, and swapping, electric vehicle and grid integration. Mr. Li is a frequent reviewer of Joule, ACS Applied Material Interfaces, Journal of Power Sources, and eTransportation.
    Xinyu Rui received his B.E. degrees in Energy and Power Engineering from Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. at the School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. His current research interests include the safety management of energy storage battery and failure mechanisms of solid-state battery.
    Yuancheng Cao received his B.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Material Physics and Chemistry from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. He currently works as a Professor in School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His current research interests include safety technology of energy storage power station and failure mechanisms of solid-state battery.
    Liyun Fan received his B.S. degree in Power and Energy Engineering in 2003 and Ph.D. in Power Machinery and Engineering in 2008 from Dalian University of Technology, China. Since 2014, he served as a Professor in Harbin Engineering University, China. His research interests include electronic fuel injection technology of engine, modeling and simulation of engine.
    Xuning Feng received his B.E. (2011) and Ph.D. (2017) degrees in Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics from Tsinghua University, China. He currently works as an Assistant Professor at Tsinghua University. His research interests include the battery safety management of energy storage stations and new energy vehicles. Dr. Feng serves the Editorial Board of eTransportation, Energy Storage Science and Technology, Journal of Electrochemistry, and Batteries.
  • Supported by:
    *Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2022YFB2404803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52207241), and the International Joint Mission on Climate Change and Carbon Neutrality.

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Abstract: To investigate the effect of different states of charge (SOC) on the thermal runaway (TR) propagation behaviors within lithium-ion-batteries based energy storage modules, an experimental setup was developed to conduct failure propagation tests on battery modules at an SOC of 97%, 85%, and 50%. The result indicates that an increase in the SOC of batteries can decrease the TR trigger temperature, making batteries trigger TR earlier and reducing the average failure propagation time between two adjacent cells. In addition, the failure propagation tests reveal that at higher SOCs, the TR reaction becomes more violent, the maximal reaction temperature is also much higher, and the damage to the battery module is severe. Compared to the battery module with 97% SOC, the TR trigger time of the battery module with 50% SOC was postponed by approximately 57.8%. Meanwhile, the average failure propagation time got prolonged by approximately 36.0%. Thus, this study can provide references for the thermal safety design of energy-storage battery modules.

Key words: Energy storage, battery module, thermal runaway, failure propagation, state of charge, battery safety