CJEE

Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering ›› 2021, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (4): 15-24.doi: 10.23919/CJEE.2021.000034

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Python Supervised Co-simulation for a Day-long Harmonic Evaluation of EV Charging*

Lu Wang, Zian Qin*, Lucia Beloqui Larumbe, Pavol Bauer   

  1. Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CD, Netherlands
  • Received:2021-07-31 Revised:2021-09-13 Accepted:2021-09-23 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-01-07
  • Contact: *E-mail: Z.Qin-2@tudelft.nl
  • About author:Lu Wang (S'20) was born in Sichuan, China. He received the B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, in 2015, M.Sc. degree (cum laude) in Electrical Power Engineering from Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, in 2018, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the DC Systems, Energy Conversion and Storage group. From 2019 to 2020, He was a Hardware Engineer at Prodrive Technologies B.V., Son, The Netherlands. His research interests include power quality and EV charging infrastructures.
    Zian Qin (M'15-SM'19) received the B.Eng. degree in Automation from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2009, M.Eng. degree in Control Science and Engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, in 2012, and Ph.D. degree from Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, in 2015. He is currently an Assistant Professor in Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands. In 2014, he was a Visiting Scientist at Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. From 2015 to 2017, he was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Aalborg University. His research interests include wide bandgap devices, power electronics based grid and Power2X.He is an Associate Editor of IEEE Trans Industrial Electronics, Guest Associate Editor of IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics and IEEE Trans Energy Conversion. He is a “Distinguished Reviewer” for the year 2020 of IEEE Transactions of Industrial Electronics. He served as the Technical Program Chair of IEEE-ISIE 2020, technical program Co-Chair of IEEE-COMPEL 2020, industrial session Co-Chair of ECCE-Asia 2020.
    Lucia Beloqui Larumbe (S'18) was born in Pamplona, Spain, in 1993. She received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering, in 2015 and 2017, respectively, from the Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain. She did her Master's thesis at the Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, on the topic of advanced control for microgrids. In 2017, she joined the DC systems, Energy conversion and Storage group (DCE\&S) at the Delft University of Technology, where she is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree. Her research interests include control of power electronics, power quality, and renewable energies.
    Pavol Bauer (SM'07) is currently a Full Professor with the Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy of Delft University of Technology and head of DC Systems, Energy Conversion and Storage group.He received Masters in Electrical Engineering at the Technical University of Kosice (a85), Ph.D. from Delft University of Technology (a95) and Title Prof. from the president of Czech Republic at the Brno University of Technology (2008) and Delft University of Technology (2016). He published over 72 journal and almost 300 conference papers (with H factor Google scholar 43, Web of science 20), he is an author or co-author of 8 books, holds 4 international patents and organized several tutorials at the international conferences. He has worked on many projects for industry concerning wind and wave energy, power electronic applications for power systems such as Smarttrafo; HVDC systems, projects for smart cities such as PV charging of electric vehicles, PV and storage integration, contactless charging; and he participated in several Leonardo da Vinci and H2020 EU projects as project partner (ELINA, INETELE, E-Pragmatic) and coordinator (PEMCWebLab.com-Edipe, SustEner, Eranet DCMICRO).
  • Supported by:
    *This project has received funding from the Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No. 876868. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and Germany, Slovakia, Netherlands, Spain, Italy.

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Abstract: To accurately simulate electric vehicle DC fast chargers' (DCFCs') harmonic emission, a small time step, i.e., typically smaller than 10 μs, is required owing to switching dynamics. However, in practice, harmonics should be continuously assessed with a long duration, e.g., a day. A trade-off between accuracy and time efficiency thus exists. To address this issue, a multi-time scale modeling framework of fast-charging stations (FCSs) is proposed. In the presented framework, the DCFCs' input impedance and harmonic current emission in the ideal grid condition, that is, zero grid impedance and no background harmonic voltage, are obtained based on a converter switching model with a small timescale simulation. Since a DCFC's input impedance and harmonic current source are functions of the DCFC's load, the input impedance and harmonic emission at different loads are obtained. Thereafter, they are used in the fast-charging charging station modeling, where the DCFCs are simplified as Norton equivalent circuits. In the station level simulation, a large time step, i.e., one minute, is used because the DCFCs' operating power can be assumed as a constant over a minute. With this co-simulation, the FCSs' long-term power quality performance can be assessed time-efficiently, without losing much accuracy.

Key words: Power quality, harmonic modeling, charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs)