A Novel Modified Fuzzy-predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System

doi:10.23919/CJEE.2023.000042

Abstract

Abstract: A wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is an effective solution for renewable energy generation in modern power systems. The main advantages of PMSG include high performance at high and low speeds, minimal control effort owing to lower rotor inertia, self-excitation, high reliability, and simplicity of structure compared with induction generators. However, the intermittent nature of wind energy implies that maximum efficiency is not obtained from this system. Accordingly, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in wind turbine systems has been proposed to address this problem. Traditional MPPT strategies suffer from severe output power fluctuations, low efficiency, and significant ripples in turbine rotation speed. This paper presents a novel MPPT control strategy based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) and model predictive control (MPC) to extract the maximum power from a PMSG-WECS and control the machine-side and grid-side converters. The simulation results obtained from Matlab/Simulink confirm the superiority of the control model in eliminating the output power fluctuations of the wind generators and accurately tracking the maximum power point. A comparative study between conventional MPPT and control methods is also conducted.

Key words: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), wind energy conversion system (WECS), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), fuzzy logic control (FLC), model predictive control (MPC)

Ehsan Akbari, Milad Samady Shadlu. A Novel Modified Fuzzy-predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2023, 9(4): 107-121.

References

[1] F R Arroyo M, L J Miguel. The role of renewable energies for the sustainable energy governance and environmental policies for the mitigation of climate change in Ecuador.Energies, 2020, 13(15): 1-18.
[2] B Majout, H E Alami, H Salime, et al.A review on popular control applications in wind energy conversion system based on permanent magnet generator PMSG.Energies, 2022, 15(17): 1-41.
[3] B Majout, B Bossoufi, M Bounderbala, et al.Improvement of PMSG-based wind energy conversion system using developed sliding mode control.Energies, 2022, 15(5): 1-17.
[4] J Pande, P Nasikkar, K Kotecha, et al.A review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy conversion systems.Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021, 9(11): 1-30.
[5] D Zouheyr, B Lotfi, B Abdelmadjid.Improved hardware implementation of a TSR based MPPT algorithm for a low cost connected wind turbine emulator under unbalanced wind speeds.Energy, 2021, 232: 121039.
[6] D Song, J Yang, M Su, et al.A comparison study between two MPPT control methods for a large variable-speed wind turbine under different wind speed characteristics.Energies, 2017, 10(5): 1-18.
[7] D Cortes-Vega, F Ornelas-Tellez, J Anzurez-Marin.Comparative analysis of MPPT techniques and optimal control for a PMSG-based WECS. IEEE 4th Colombian Conference on Automatic Control, October 15-18, 2019, Medellin, Colombia. IEEE, 2019: 1-6.
[8] O Elbeji, M Hannachi, M Benhamed, et al.Maximum power point tracking control of wind energy conversion system driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator: Comparative study.Wind Engineering, 2020, 45(5): 1-10.
[9] L Wei, P Zhan, Z Liu, et al.Modeling and analysis of maximum power tracking of a 600 kW hydraulic energy storage wind turbine test rig.Processes, 2019, 7(10): 1-19.
[10] S Kumari, P S Bhakar, T N Gupta.Analysis of wind fed PMSG with INC MPPT using interleaved boost converter. International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control, April 13-14, 2018, Greater Noida, India. IEEE, 2018: 795-800.
[11] A Ghatak, T Pandit, S R Kavitha.Design of PMSG based wind energy conversion system with MPPT for maximum power extraction. 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication, October 07-09, 2021, Trichy, India. IEEE, 2021: 471-477.
[12] B Lahfaoui, S Zouggar, B Mohammed, et al.Real time study of P&O MPPT control for small wind PMSG turbine systems using Arduino microcontroller. Energy Procedia, 2017, 111: 1000-1009.
[13] S Lalouni, D Rekioua, K Idjdarene, et al.Maximum power point tracking based hybrid hill-climb search method applied to wind energy conversion system. Electric Power Components and Systems, 2015, 43(8-10): 1028-1038.
[14] H Ramadan, A R Youssef, H H H Mousa, et al. An efficient variable-step P&O maximum power point tracking technique for grid-connected wind energy conversion system.SN Applied Sciences, 2019, 1: 1658.
[15] H H H Mousa, A R Youssef, E E M Mohamed. Modified P&O MPPT algorithm for optimal power extraction of five-phase PMSG based wind generation system.SN Applied Sciences, 2019, 1: 838.
[16] N Verma, S Banerjee, S Gupt, et al.PMSG based WECS with MPPT via modified P & O algorithm. 3rd International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering, October 10-11, 2019, Noida, India. IEEE, 2019: 646-650.
[17] H H H Mousa, A R Youssef, E E M Mohamed. Variable step size P&O MPPT algorithm for optimal power extraction of multi-phase PMSG based wind generation system.International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2019, 108: 218-231.
[18] S G Karad, R Karad.Fractional order controller based maximum power point tracking controller for wind turbine system.International Journal of Electronics, 2022, 109(5): 875-899.
[19] B Meghni, H Chojaa, A Boulmaiz.An optimal torque control based on intelligent tracking range (MPPT-OTC-ANN) for permanent magnet direct drive WECS. IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Control, Optimization and Computer Science, December 2-3, 2020, Kenitra, Morocco. IEEE, 2020: 1-6.
[20] M Yin, W Li, C Yung, et al.Optimal torque control based on effective tracking range for maximum power point tracking of wind turbines under varying wind conditions.IET Renewable Power Generation, 2017, 11(4): 501-510.
[21] A J Balbino, B D S Nora, T B Lazzarin. An improved mechanical sensorless maximum power point tracking method for permanent-magnet synchronous generator-based small wind turbines systems.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(5): 4765-4775.
[22] M Zafran, L Khan, Q Khan.Terminal sliding mode based finite-time MPPT control for PMSG-WECS based standalone system. 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies, January 29-30, 2020, Sukkur, Pakistan. IEEE, 2020: 1-7.
[23] U H Khan, Q Khan, L Khan, et al.MPPT control paradigms for PMSG-WECS: A synergistic control strategy with gain-scheduled sliding mode observer.IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 139876-139887.
[24] Y Mousavi, G Bevan, I B Kucukdemiral, et al.Sliding mode control of wind energy conversion systems: Trends and applications.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2022, 167: 112734.
[25] B Meghni, A Meghni, D Dib, et al.Effective MPPT technique and robust power control of the PMSG wind turbine.IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2015, 10(6): 619-627.
[26] A S Sayed, M H Baloch, A A Memon, et al.An effective MPPT controller for power optimization of PMSG based wind turbine. International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, October 26-27, 2021, Quetta, Pakistan. IEEE, 2021: 1-6.
[27] M J Khan, L Mathew.Fuzzy logic controller-based MPPT for hybrid photo-voltaic/wind/fuel cell power system.Neural Computing and Applications, 2019, 31: 6331-6344.
[28] M Zerouali, M Boutouba, A El Ougli, et al.Control of variable speed wind energy conversion systems by fuzzy logic and conventional P&O. International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Advanced Computing Sciences, December 26-27, 2019, Taza, Morocco. IEEE, 2019: 1-5.
[29] K Bedoud, H Merabet, T Bahi, et al.Fuzzy observer for MPPT control of variable wind energy conversion system associated to AC-DC converters. 20th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, December 20-22, 2020, Monastir, Tunisia. IEEE, 2020: 231-236.
[30] M M Oliveira, F B Grigoletto.Fuzzy sensorless MPPT strategy for small wind turbines. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America, September 15-18, 2019, Gramado, Brazil. IEEE, 2019: 1-6.
[31] M Makhad, M Zazi, A Loulijat, et al.Robust integral backstepping control for optimal power extraction of a PMSG-based variable speed wind turbines. 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology, April 16-19, 2020, Meknes, Morocco. IEEE, 2020: 1-6.
[32] S Marmouh, M Boutoubat, L Mokrani.MPPT fuzzy logic controller of a wind energy conversion system based on a PMSG. 8th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control, November 15-17, 2016, Algiers, Algeria. IEEE, 2016: 296-302.
[33] I U Haq, Q Khan, I Khan.Maximum power extraction strategy for variable speed wind turbine system via neuro-adaptive generalized global sliding mode controller.IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 128536-128547.
[34] I Yazıc, E K Yaylac.Discrete-time integral terminal sliding mode based maximum power point controller for the PMSG-based wind energy system.IET Power Electronics, 2019, 12(14): 3688-3696.
[35] T Ilham, M Billel, D Taibi.Monitoring of wind energy conversion system by on dimensional adaptive tuning fuzzy logic controller. 5th International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies, March 22-25, 2022, Hammamet, Tunisia. IEEE, 2022: 494-499.
[36] B Soufyane, R Abdelhamid, Z Smail.Signed-distance fuzzy logic controller adaptation mechanism based MRAS observer for direct-drive PMSG wind turbines sensorless control. American Control Conference, July 1-3, 2020, Denver, CO, USA. IEEE, 2020: 4083-4089.
[37] A A Salem, N A N Aldin, A M Azmy, et al. Implementation and validation of an adaptive fuzzy logic controller for MPPT of PMSG-based wind turbines. IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 165691-165707.
[38] A Asri, Y Mihoub, S Hassaine, et al.Intelligent maximum power tracking control of a PMSG wind energy conversion system.Asian Journal of Control, 2019, 21(4): 1980-1990.
[39] R Tiwari, N R Babu.Fuzzy logic based MPPT for permanent magnet synchronous generator in wind energy conversion system.IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2016, 49(1): 462-467.
[40] M H Qais, H M Hasanien, S Alghuwainem.A grey wolf optimizer for optimum parameters of multiple PI controllers of a grid-connected PMSG driven by variable speed wind turbine.IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 44120-44128.
[41] A Fathy, A G Alharbi, S Alshammari, et al.Archimedes optimization algorithm based maximum power point tracker for wind energy generation system.Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2022, 13(2): 101548.
[42] E H Dursun, H Koyuncu, A A Kulaksiz.A novel unified maximum power extraction framework for PMSG based WECS using chaotic particle swarm optimization derivatives.Engineering Science and Technology, 2021, 24(1): 158-170.
[43] Y Zhang, L Zhang, Y Liu.Implementation of maximum power point tracking based on variable speed forecasting for wind energy systems.Processes, 2019, 7(3): 1-18.
[44] A R Youssef, E E M Mohamed, A I M Ali. Model predictive control for grid-tie wind-energy conversion system based PMSG. International Conference on Innovative Trends in Computer Engineering, February 19-21, 2018, Aswan, Egypt. IEEE, 2018: 467-472.
[45] B Babaghorbani, M T H Beheshti, H A Talebi. An improved model predictive control of low voltage ride through in a permanent magnet synchronous generator in wind turbine systems.Asian Journal of Control, 2019, 21(4): 1991-2003.
[46] A Srivastava, R S Bajpai.Model predictive control of grid-connected wind energy conversion system.IETE Journal of Research, 2022, 68(5): 3474-3486.
[47] B Babaghorbani, M T Beheshti, H A Talebi.A Lyapunov-based model predictive control strategy in a permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine.International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 2021, 130: 106972.
[48] M Abdelrahem, C Hackl, R Kennel.Robust predictive control scheme for permanent-magnet synchronous generators based modern wind turbines.Electronics, 2021, 10(13): 1-18.
[49] M N Abuhashish, A A Daoud, M H Elfar.A novel model predictive speed controller for PMSG in wind energy systems.International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2022, 12(1): 170-180.
[50] M Abdelrahem, C M Hackl, R Kennel.Simplified model predictive current control without mechanical sensors for variable-speed wind energy conversion systems.Electrical Engineering, 2017, 99: 367-377.
[51] M E Zarei, D Ramírez, M Prodanovic, et al.Model predictive control for PMSG-based wind turbines with overmodulation and adjustable dynamic response time.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2022, 69(2): 1573-1585.
[52] L Shengquan, L Juan, T Yongwei, et al.Model-based model predictive control for a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator with internal and external disturbances.Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 2019, 42(3): 1-12.
[53] P Stano, U Montanaro, D Tavernini, et al.Model predictive path tracking control for automated road vehicles: A review.Annual Reviews in Control, 2023, 55: 194-236.
[54] T Georgea, P Jayapraksh, T Francis, et al.Wind energy conversion system-based PMSG for maximum power tracking and grid synchronization using adaptive fuzzy logic control.Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 2022, 20(6): 703-717.
[55] E Akbari, M S Shadlu.Maximum power point tracking-based control strategy for PMSG wind energy conversion system using a combined fuzzy-model predictive controller. 14th Power Electronics & Drives Systems and Technologies Conference, January 31- February 2, 2023, Babol, Iran. IEEE, 2023: 1-6.
[56] F Erken, E Öksüztepe, H Kürüm.Online adaptive decision fusion based torque ripple reduction in permanent magnet synchronous motor.IET Electric Power Applications, 2016, 10(3): 189-1996.
[57] J Lan, D Zhao.Robust model predictive control for nonlinear parameter varying systems without computational delay.International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 2021, 31(17): 8273-8294.